Learn about autism
What is autism spectrum disorder?
Autism is a developmental disorder that affects how people learn, act, and interact with others. People with ASD may have trouble with social interactions, talking, and making eye contact. They might also have very specific interests and do the same actions over and over. Sometimes, they might accidentally hurt themselves. Signs of autism usually appear in early childhood, often before age 3.
Autism spectrum disorder is an umbrella term that includes a diverse range of signs and symptoms and can affect people differently. Some people with autism may require significant, daily support. However, many people with autism can live independent lives with minimal support.
How common is autism?
Autism is relatively common. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), approximately 1 in 36 children in the United States have autism spectrum disorder. The number of autism diagnoses has increased over the years, partly because people are more aware of it, doctors have better tools for diagnosing it, and the definition of autism has expanded.
What are the common signs and behaviors of autism?
Autism spectrum disorder looks different from person to person. According to the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), the guide doctors use to diagnose behavioral health conditions, common signs and behaviors of autism may include:
Social challenges:
- Difficulty understanding social cues or nonverbal communication, like facial expressions and gestures
- Challenges with forming and maintaining relationships, including making new friends
- Limited interest in sharing experiences or emotions with others
Certain communication behaviors:
- Delayed speech or language development
- Repetitive use of language, such as repeating words or phrases
- Difficulty initiating or sustaining conversations with others
- Limited use of gestures or facial expressions to communicate
Restricted and repetitive behaviors:
- Engaging in repetitive movements or activities like hand-flapping and rocking
- Becoming upset by changes in routine
- Intense focus on specific topics or objects, often excluding other interests
Sensory sensitivities:
- Hypersensitivity or hyposensitivity to certain sensory inputs, like loud noises and bright lights
- Preference for specific sensory experiences, like certain textures or sounds
- Feelings of anxiety in response to change and new environments
Motor coordination challenges:
- Difficulty with fine or gross motor skills, like tying shoelaces, writing, or riding a bike
.webp)
